关于构建塑料包装废弃物的分类、收集与管理体系的思考

简介了我国塑料包装行业发展状况和塑料包装废弃物治理的有关政策与法规；阐述了为解决塑料包装废弃物等对环境造成的污染不同主体应承担与落实的责任，包括政府部门、企业和消费者等；提出了为高值（质）化回收利用塑料包装废弃物构建细化分类、收集与管理体系的一些设想。     

Influence of photovoltaic generation model and time resolution on the reliability evaluation of distribution systems

This paper aims to investigate the influence of photovoltaic (PV) generation on reliability evaluation of distribution systems. Two PV generation models are used to predict the output power injected into the grid, taking into account the main relevant environmental variables, the irradiance and ambient temperature. Issues that directly affect the output power, such as the spatial smoothing effect due to the plant size and the influence of the irradiance and temperature measurement interval are taken into consideration. Using measurement time series of irradiance and local temperature, the models are used to generate power series in 4‐minute and hourly resolutions. The generated power series are used in a reliability assessment model, with the objective of evaluating the impact of solar resource variability on the reliability indices of the system. Case studies on the IEEE RBTS‐Bus 2 and on the real distribution system of Fernando de Noronha in Brazil are presented and discussed, for power plants of different capacities, considering the effect of the PV generation models, the temporal resolution of the time series and the spatial smoothing of the power output fluctuations. The results show that the power time series in hourly resolution significantly underestimates the frequency of interruptions. For the real system, this index is underestimated at the system level (up to 43%) and at the load points (up to 72%). On the other hand, for the interruption duration index, the temporal aggregation results in a small underestimation (just 4%). The results also indicates that the smoothing effect is irrelevant for typical PV system sizes of distribution systems with discretization equal to or above 4 minutes.     

5 种乳酸菌对库车小白杏发酵液理化性质及感官评价的影响

用戊糖片球菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌共5?种乳酸菌发酵库车小白杏，通过比较发酵液在发酵过程中的菌浓度、pH值、总可溶性固形物（total soluble solids，TSS）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性等理化特性及发酵结束后的感官评价，筛选出一种或几种适合发酵库车小白杏发酵液的菌株。结果表明，发酵结束后，戊糖片球菌发酵库车小白杏发酵液的SOD活性达到252.63?U/g，活菌数达到8.07（lg（CFU/mL）），TSS含量降至17.1?°Brix，感官总体评价值最佳达到97%。植物乳杆菌发酵的库车小白杏发酵液的SOD活性达到275.87?U/g，感官总体评价几何平均（geometrical mean，GM）值达到88%。嗜酸乳杆菌发酵的库车小白杏发酵液速度最快，活菌数最终达到9.95（lg（CFU/mL）），TSS含量降至16.6?°Brix，但感官总体评价GM值仅为79%。综上所述，戊糖片球菌是最适合发酵库车小白杏的菌种，而植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的适合度仅次于戊糖片球菌。通过比较5?种乳酸菌发酵的库车小白杏发酵液的理化性质和感官评价，可以得出结论，戊糖片球菌最适合发酵库车小白杏。     

Evaluation of China's new energy vehicle policy texts with quantitative and qualitative analysis

As one of the strategic emerging industries, the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry receives strong support from the Chinese government. The Chinese government has formulated a large number of policies to promote the development of NEV industry. Evaluating and analyzing the NEV policies are of great significance for improving policy formulation. In this study, we comprehensively analyze 253 NEV policy texts by employing quantitative and qualitative methods. We present the policy instrument types and semantic structure characteristics of policy texts based on the content analysis. The advantages and disadvantages of policy texts are identified by using a quantitative evaluation model. Our results show that the most frequently used policy instrument is regulatory, and the main policy objective is the demand-pull. The policies with higher scores are more comprehensive. Three suggestions are put forward to improve NEV policies.     

Purchase intention for hydrogen automobile among Chinese citizens: The influence of environmental concern and perceived social value

Although hydrogen automobile has attracted increasing attention in recent years, previous studies did not extensively investigate customers' purchase intention for hydrogen automobile, as well as the factors that might affect their purchase intention. The present study therefore investigated whether customers' environmental concern and perceived social value of green buying would affect their purchase intention for hydrogen automobile. Customers' green buying behavior was included as a mediator, and their monthly income and gender were included as moderators. Data from 300 adults in China were collected. Results from structural equation modeling showed that customers’ green buying behavior fully mediated the positive association between perceived social value and purchase intention for hydrogen automobile. Further multi-group analysis found that monthly income and gender had moderating effects on the associations between some of the study variables. Based on these findings, possible explanation and practical implications were discussed.     

Comparative techno-economic assessment of a large-scale hydrogen transport via liquid transport media

A large-scale point to point hydrogen transport is one strategy for a prospective energy import scenario for certain countries. The case for a hydrogen transport from Australia to Japan has been addressed in several studies. However, most studies lack transparency and detailed insights into the made assumptions thus a fair evaluation of different transport pathways is challenging. To address this issue, we developed a model where a large-scale point to point hydrogen transport of liquid hydrogen is compared with the transport via liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC), namely via methyl cyclohexane and hydrogenated dibenzyl toluene. We analyzed, where energy is required along the different pathways, where hydrogen losses do occur and how the costs are put together. Furthermore, the influence of hydrogen feed costs is also considered. For hydrogen production costs of 5 €₂₀₁₈/kg_H2 the total delivery costs are in the range of 6.40– 8.10 €₂₀₁₈/kg_H2.     

Technical note: Genetic groups in single-step single nucleotide polymorphism best linear unbiased predictor

Genetic groups, also called unknown or phantom parents groups, are often used in dairy cattle genetic evaluations to account for selection that cannot be accounted for by known genetic relationships. With the advent of genomic evaluations, the theory of genetic groups was extended to the so-called single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). In short, genetic groups can be fitted in ssGBLUP through regression effects, or by including them in the pedigree and computing the adequate combined pedigree and genomic relationship matrix. In this study, we applied the so-called Quaas and Pollak transformation to a system of equations for single-step SNP BLUP (ssSNPBLUP), such that genetic groups can thereafter be included in the pedigree. The example in this study showed that including the genetic groups in the pedigree for ssSNPBLUP allowed reduced memory burden and computational costs in comparison to genetic groups fitted as covariates.     

儿童友好视角下城市公园品质与可达性研究——以巴塞罗那学龄前儿童为例

具备可进入的绿色空间、游乐场地是儿童友好城市衡量中的核心指标，也是城市公园提供的必要服务之一。聚焦对城市公园需求度和使用率较高的学龄前儿童，尝试建构综合考虑城市公园品质和可达性的分析及评估方法。选取联合国儿童友好城市——西班牙巴塞罗那为案例，基于实地调研、开源地图、官方统计数据等，使用儿童友好的公园品质指数（QUINPY）和空间句法可达性模型开展综合评价，并结合学龄前儿童人口密度分布，提出有针对性的改善建议，基于不同的需求和现状，选取改善城市交通步行环境、合理增加结构性设施或者鼓励分时段及立体化拓展空间使用可能性等适宜性创新措施。以期为我国儿童友好导向的城市公园发展建设提供参考。